War and Peace

Exploring the Tension Between One State vs. Two State

Published December 13, 2008 @ 07:59PM PT

A few years ago I attended a presentation in Philadelphia of two speakers from Israel/Palestine. One was a member of Anarchists Against the Wall, and the other was a leader in the popular committee for a village protesting the construction of the separation barrier. The two had done some amazing work side by side, both were riveting speakers, and I admire them very much.

During the question and answer period, I asked both of the speakers for an answer reflecting thier personal views: What is your preferred solution to the conflict? The Israeli from the Anarchist group went first, and spoke for about ten minutes about how Zionism is really a form of racism, that Israel doesn't really have a right to exist, and that a one state solution is best. His answer included an analysis of how an ethnically based state can't really be a democracy, and that a Palestinian state wouldn't really be viable in any case.

After he was done, the Palestinian leader spoke. He knew English, but not nearly as well, so the words came out slower, and one could feel that there was more that could be said. This man projected humility; he was a farmer protecting his land, not a political activist who had to travel a few hours to make a stand. He said that he wasn't sure that the two sides are quite ready to live in peace with each other, as evidenced by all the bloodshed. It would be better to let the Palestinians run their own affairs for a while, without Israelis having to be involved. Turning to his co-presenter, he added: of course, maybe in the future it would be different. Who knows?

The two speakers, side by side, stand out in my memory as highly representative of a certain kind of reality. The young Israeli Jew of the far left, sharp as a tack, well read, and familiar with many countries in the world, felt entirely in his element to lecture the assembled Palestinian solidarity activists about the necessity of the one state solution. The Palestinian villager's humility, as a man not yet comfortable with public speaking, was in stark contrast. This man wanted to save his lands and live in dignity. His point of departure was very personal, as opposed to political.

The conversation around one state vs. two is often a varient of this exchange. Highly educated, immersed in activism, boasting of Phd's, professors and authors, the supporters of a single state seem to occupy a privileged niche within the Western left and the Palestinian expatriate elite. They know they are right on historical, moral, and legal grounds, and seek to expand the zones within which they can set the tone. Those zones are usually university campuses and gatherings of the activist faithful far from Palestine.

Supporters of an independent Palestinian state alongside Israel include the current Palestinian President, Mahmoud Abbas, who represents what some say is the weak and ineffectual face of Fatah. His main rival within Fatah is the imprisoned Marwan Barghouti, who also supports the two state solution. Hamas, who won a majority of seats in the Palestinian parliament (though not a majority of the votes) is de-facto in support of a two state solution, in the guise of a long term cease-fire between an independent Palestinian state, and its neighbor, Israel. In Israel - home to more than a million Palestinians, there are three main Palestinian political parties with seats in the Knesset. None of them call for a one state solution.

Just to be clear - I'm not arguing in this post for or against a particular solution. This is a reflection on the nature of the forces arrayed on both sides of the aisle, as can be observed by someone familiar with the Palestinian solidarity movement in the West, as well as with activists in Israel and Palestine. Doesn't it seem odd that a relatively small group of highly educated activists would clamor so forcefully for a political solution that has so little popular support in Palestine?

This disconnect has not been addressed to my satisfaction. Perhaps there are arguments claiming that the political systems in Israel and Palestine serve to mask a popular movement. Or that many Palestinians are imprisoned by the walls of low expectations, and if only the tide would turn, then they would rise up with this old/new demand. Maybe there are many leaders within Fatah and Hamas who grumble off the record about actually rejecting a two state solution, while the leadership has its say in public.

In trying to come up with my own analysis, my heart is saying: lay off the analysis a bit. What do the people living their seem to want? How can the aspirations of both peoples be met at the same time? How can we transform the conflict from a zero sum game into a win-win situation? The dreams of the one staters have every right to compete in the solution sweepstakes, without being dismissed out of hand. And yet, they also have to answer this question: why don't you follow the people? How can you be so sure they are wrong?

Further reading:

Share this Post

Related Posts

Comments (4)

  1. Charles Lenchner

    My apologies - the link to the One State Declaration is wrong above and I can't fix it properly right now. This is the correct link:
    http://imeu.net/news/article007179.shtml

    Posted by Charles Lenchner on 12/14/2008 @ 06:18AM PT

  2. Reply to thread
  3. A N

    OK I'll take the bait.
    When you ask "why don't you follow the people?" My answer to you is that we are part of this people. What you like to call "[h]ighly educated, immersed in activism, boasting of Phd's, professors and authors" are part and parcel of the Palestinian people whether we live in exile, most often not by choice but forced, or in the occupied territories. I resent the implication that we are sitting in ivory towers, living in a world of fantasy completely dissociated and disconnected from the reality of life under the occupation and blind to the suffering and immediate needs and aspirations of those languishing under the boots of the Israeli occupation. Being part of the Palestinian body we have every right to engage in a dialog with our people and the rest of the world to propose ideas to reach a just and lasting peace in Palestine/Israel. After all, we have been lectured for decades by the "West" and the so called "civilized world" about the need for democracy and democratic discourse. It seems though that as soon as the results of this democratic discourse do not serve or mesh with what they have in mind then the chastizing, labeling, and accusations start flying.
    Four years ago Bush won the presidency by a majority of the popular votes. Should the Democrats have abandoned whatever opposing views they had and follow what the people have expressed through the vote? Why are the Democrats convinced that they have the answers and that those who voted for Bush are wrong or have been duped?
    Why should Palestinian society be any different than any other society where a multitude of ideas coexist and interact in a dynamic and healthy way?
    To set the record straight, the PLO have always advocated the goal as being a Secular Democratic State. The difference between what the PLO advocated and what most of the One Staters  today think is that the latter talk about a bi-national state recognizing the Israeli Jews as a nation if that is how they prefer to define themselves. The adoption of the Two State formula by the PLO dates to about twenty some years ago. The reasons for this change are multiple and I will spare you the analysis. One major factor though which led the PLO to adopt this solution was pragmatism and a gamble of the US and its willingness to put pressure on Israel to accomplish compliance with UN resolution 242. As the years passed the realization became clearer that the so called "Peace process" was more about process than achieving peace, consequently, many Palestinians who supported the Two State formula had a change of heart and began calling for a return to the old stand especially as the territory of what would be the Palestinian State continued to shrink. Many became convinced that the more concessions Palestinians gave more is being asked from them as is clear from what Condeleeza Rice said when she was recently reminded that the Palestinians already gave up 78% of historic Palestine. Her response was "forget the 78% percent, it's the 22% that are being negotiated". This is the background in a nutshell, and serious simplification, and this is the context which generated increasing calls to abandon the two state formula (the gamble on the US and Israel have proven to be a failure) and a return to the original call of a single Democratic and Secular State.
    One thing that strikes me in the article is the assumption that a society is static. In October of 2008, the Jerusalem Media and Communication Center (JMCC) conducted a poll among Palestinians of the West Bank and Gaza showing that 43.7% of Palestinians favor a Two State solution while 28.6% prefered a bi-national state and 11.9% preferred a Palestinian state in all of Palestine. The One Staters are not the tiny minority you make them to be. What is even more significant is the fact that the percentage of Two State supporters has dropped 4 points since April 2008 while the supporters of the bi-national option rose by 5 points.
    The situation is changing on daily basis, the encroachment on Palestinian land keeps increasing and the "Palestinian" territories keep shrinking as a result. As this happens people's opinions change. So what if Fatah and Hamas (de facto) accept the TSS? Are we all supposed to toe-the-line and stop dissenting or diasgreeing with their ideas? Should the American people have stopped dissenting and demonstrating against the war in Iraq because the Bush was elected by a majority of votes? Should those who were protesting the war in Vietnam stopped their protest because the country's elected leadership was pro-war and escalation?

    Posted by A N on 12/14/2008 @ 07:02AM PT

  4. A N

    Gersho Baskin co CEO of IPCRI, explores this topic in an article which appeared today Dec. 15, 2008 in the Jerusalem Post. Here's a link to the article:
    http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1228728209241&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull

    Posted by A N on 12/15/2008 @ 12:15PM PT

  5. John   Crane

    A single state -- in which Jews, Muslims and Christians live -- has always been the fair solution, but this solution is incompatible with the Zionist objective of a Jewish state.A truly fair solution would require that Jews give up the racist dream on which Israel was founded. 
    For Israel's Arab citizens, living in a Jewish state has proved to be much worse than they could have imagined in 1948. Sixty years later, Israel's Arab citizens are prohibited from living in most areas of Israel; in fact, most of them cannot even live in the towns in which they were born, from which they were expelled in 1948. They can't even buy back their own land.

    Anyone in the world with a single Jewish grandparent can move to Israel, and even receive a government housing subsidy, but Israel police burst into Palestinian homes and drag out spouses who are accused of being from the nearby West Bank.
    The support of Palestinians for a two-state solution -- rather than one state -- is likely based on observations of the current reality of living in a "Jewish state," where laws are so racist that a sea change would be necessary for Arabs to rise even to a level of second class citizenship. If the choice were between a truncated Palestinian state or a single state in which the rights of all citizens were constitutionally protected, I suspect most Palestinians would choose the latter.

    Posted by John Crane on 12/16/2008 @ 09:28AM PT

Add a Comment

For your comment to be published, you will need to confirm your email address after submitting your comment.

If you already have an account, click here to log in.

Comments on Change.org are meant for further exploration and evaluation of the ideas covered in the posts. To that end, we welcome constructive comments. However, we reserve the right to delete comments that are offensive, abusive, or off-topic; that contain ad hominem attacks; or that are designed to subvert or hijack comment threads rather than contribute to them. Repeat offenders may be permanently removed from the site at our discretion.

Author
Charles Lenchner

Charles is a nonprofit professional with 20 years of experience working with nonprofit organizations in Israel, Palestine and the U.S. For the past few years, he's been specializing in online organizing.

close

This user's Profile page is not public. They have restricted it to only their friends.

Already a Member?

Create an Account

You must create a Change.org account to complete this action.
If you already have an account click here.