Salary-time - How Much Do Aid Workers Actually Earn?
Published January 17, 2009 @ 09:21AM PT

The truth shall set you free – so, in the interests of full disclosure, I’m writing this with an agenda. I think that aid work requires more than compassion, more than just feeling for your fellow-man. These are necessary but far from sufficient. Humanitarian staff need certain skills and competencies. In other words, we’re professionals.
Yet, somehow this often gets lost along the way. (Paging Mr. Kristof, Mr. Nicholas Kristof.) You can’t deliver aid without qualified staff, or at least you can’t deliver aid particularly effectively. Especially in places like Afghanistan and Darfur, Congo and Zimbabwe – places where nothing goes quite as planned, and the fit always eventually hits the shan.
And if you want to retain qualified staff – at least past their twenties – you need to pay a decent wage. Which some NGOs do, and some do not.
As one friend recently wrote:
“I don’t actually have a problem with NGOs paying their staff properly. I think it helps to attract highly skilled, educated and experienced staff. In a highly complex situation…you don’t just need people who care and are committed. You really need people with the right mix of experience and education…I think that decent staff salaries [are] simply part of the equation for an organization to achieve its mission.”
One way to judge a fair wage is to look at what others doing similar work actually earn.
To that end, in a completely and utterly unscientific poll, I’ve asked a number of people across different organizations about NGO starting salaries.
As with the post on security trainings, this survey was far from comprehensive, and some of the information is perhaps out of date.
It’s also difficult to compare salaries across organizations, since the benefit packages also differ. For instance, some organizations pay for housing, some do not. Where possible, I’ll try to note benefits as well.
Finally, it’s critical to keep in mind that the vast majority of work in the field is done by national staff, who also run most of the risks. National staff are often paid less than international staff, though many organizations are trying to harmonize their salary scales.
That said, the anecdotal figures below at least give a sense of starting overseas salaries at a few select NGOs.
Program Managers (Grade H) start at around $48,000
Sector Coordinators (Grade G) start at around $55,000
To try and equalize overseas and domestic salaries, CARE deducts “hypothetical” housing and tax costs from overseas salaries. I remember these coming to roughly one-quarter of my salary, another friend reported that it was as high as one-third.
Staff at CARE USA headquarters sometimes make less than $40,000 / year. Other CARE International members work off different salary scales.
(Overseas advocacy positions are relatively well-paid, at least within CARE – for instance, I think I started out in the low $60,000s as the Afghanistan Advocacy Coordinator.)
International Rescue Committee (IRC)
IRC recently did a salary review, so these figures might be somewhat out-of-date. That said, it seems that the starting salaries overseas are usually around $25,000, though two people reported lower figures around $20,000.
Project Coordinators seem to start at around $36,000 to $38,000.
As far as I could tell, IRC does pay for housing.
Mercy Corps has also conducted a salary review, so again these figures might be somewhat out-of-date. That said, a Program Assistant at headquarters seems to earn in the high $20,000s to low $30,000s, with similar staff in DC and in the field earning slightly more.
One person reported that a Program Officer earns in the mid-$40,000s.
I’m not sure what benefits package this includes.
As far as I could tell, the salary range is as follows:
$35,000 - $40,000 (0-5 years experience in the US)
$45,000 - $60,000 (5-10 years experience)
$70,000 - $100,000 (10-20 years experience)
I’m not sure what benefits package this includes.
Most international staff are at least at the C2 pay grade, which seems to earn between £18,000 to £24,000. The next highest grade (C1) earns around £33,000. Oxfam covers housing and health insurance and, I believe, any tax costs.
Other NGOs
Starting overseas salaries at other NGOs range from $18,000 at the low end to mid $40,000s at the high end.
The UN salary scale is available here. The UN assesses what amount to taxes on staff salaries – the gross (before assessment) and net (after assessment) for various positions (P1 – P5) are included below.
Staff with dependents have a slightly lower assessment, and so take home slightly more in net pay than staff without dependents.
P-1– starting gross salary is $45,493; the net is $34,760
P-2– starting gross salary is $58,401; the net is $43,662
P-3– starting gross salary is $71,729; the net is $52,408
P-4– starting gross salary is $87,790; the net is $63,052
P-5– starting gross salary is $106,907; the net is $75,432
Two friends offered further details:
“The common perspective is, of course, that the UN is where you go when you want to make lots of money. I have to say that's not necessarily true. Yes, it is true that I make significantly more now what I was making with [my NGO], but my personal expenses have dramatically risen as well. With [my NGO], I didn't pay housing, food, transport, my cell phone bill or the like. Here in [the field with the UN], I pay housing, local transport, food, utilities, cell phone, etc. I haven't done the math specifically, but I know that given the increased expenses, the true ‘take home pay’ hasn't increased as much as most would think. (I think the only mid-level UN jobs that are the true ‘money in the bank’ are the field postings in ongoing emergencies ... the salary is even higher and expenses (and lifestyle) less).”
“My own personal thoughts are that development and humanitarian workers are not as badly paid within the more ‘professional’ organizations as people think. A big comparison has always been with the salaries offered by the UN – but the UN does not provide the same housing, education and car allowances that many NGOs do, plus there is a 30% ‘tax’ on UN salaries, by the UN themselves. Expatriates who work for the bigger NGOs overseas tend to do very well.”
[For lack of a better photo - yours truly in South Sudan]
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Comments (15)
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In all fairness, though, the UN salaries quoted are without post-adjustment which compensate for the cost of living at your duty station.
The post adjustment can be quite significant. E.g. 68.5% of net salary for New York.
Here are more details: http://www.un.org/Depts/OHRM/salaries_allowances/salary.htm
It should also be noted that those living in hardship duty stations get a MSA (Mission Subsidiary Allowance) on top, plus possibly a hardship allowance.
When I worked for IFRC, I got around $1,000-$1,500/month on top of that, I had free housing, transport, and a monthly living allowance. That was on a short term contract at what at the UN would be considered a P2/P3 level.
I am now 15 years later, more senior, more responsibility. At a D1 level, based in Rome, I get about $12,000/month net, all inclusive. That is high in absolute numbers. Too high to make me feel comfortable about it, to be honest.
But, as I have to be mobile, and want to ensure my family has a more stable footing than I have, they live in Belgium. This means we have to rent two houses (one small apartment here and one house there), we have two cars (actually three - two there and one here), and we shuttle regularly to be able to keep our family together.
All in all, I save net about $1,000/month. We live good, but not luxurious. (People always laugh at me as I always wear the same worn out shoes, almost never buy new clothes, I drive one of the smallest cars with CD plates in Rome.. :-) )
Am I paid to much? In absolute numbers: I do not feel comfortable to be paid $12,000 net, as an aidworker. However, knowing that I do make a lot of compromises in my life (in 15 years, I have been based in a dozen of countries, and even based there I was on the road most of the time), and take much more risks (health, security) than an average person in an average job, ... relativates it.
In broader terms, and I posted about this regularly, aid agencies need to pay the right amount to attract professionals, but professionals still with a humanitarian heart and instinct. Without the pay, good willing amateurs are attracted. Seen this tons of times. In the end, "if you pay peanuts, you get monkeys".
As an illustration of this: when I ran our Dubai office, we did a market survey, and as we had a lot of liberty of defining our local staff wages, I wanted to position the wages for locally recruited staff in the top 5% of the market. So we did. And we attracted the best of the best. And they went way overboard to perform.
It pays off to pay well.
P.
PS: I once wrote a post about this: http://www.theroadtothehorizon.org/2008/04/rumble-as-aidworkers-are-we-allowed-to.html as a reaction to someone criticizing me of going on ski holiday. Me, being an aid worker and all... "Enjoy your 'false' aidworker life.", he commented... Hmmm..
Posted by Peter Casier on 01/17/2009 @ 10:54AM PT
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That's pretty shocking about IRC. They must only be able to hire Americans with no student debt. Low 20s for overseas work is ridiculous.
Posted by Transitionl... . on 01/17/2009 @ 01:34PM PT
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I'm glad you posted this, especially as there's a lot of controversy and perception of grossly overpaid NGO workers travelling around in land cruisers, living in posh houses, etc. Certainly some are, but many more are not.
I can testify personally that when I joined an NGO in Afghanistan, I took a $20K annual pay drop to go earn roughly $36K there (this was coming in with 5+ years of experience). With free housing and an annual home-leave supplement, however, it was equivalent to living in the west and paying taxes. But there were many (Western) paid interns and program assistants who earned far, far less at my org - $750-$1000 a month. So why do people like me and others accept the poor pay? I think one "earns" far more in experience than in money, and for many of us, myself included, it's an incredible professional growth opportunity. But I also know that those same salaries are what deterred a lot of good people from being hired or from staying longer than their one-year contract. (Who can save money for grad school on $750 a month?)
And of course I'm sure someone will post a comment related to national staff salaries and how little they are paid in comparison to expats, etc. I won't even begin to get into that one, as I think you've mentioned it in previous postings!
Posted by Brandy Bauer on 01/18/2009 @ 12:48AM PT
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If The UN is where you go to make a lot of money, then the OSCE is where you go to make even more. I had a colleague who was seconded by the Norwegian Government, and he made close to 200K a year (including per diem) as a legal adviser. My jaw dropped when I learned this, because I didn't think anyone but executive director of huge international NGOs had such salaries. My Norwegian colleague was a bit of an aberration, though, and he might have been pulling my leg. In any case, my fellow interns and I never again objected to him paying for lunch or a round of drinks.
National staff were paid according to a salary grid, and interns all received 20 percent of the per diem, which was enough to pay for all living expenses and have spending money left over. International staff seconded by governments from the FSU often get salaries (because their governments didn't want to or couldn't pay them), so those employees received only the per diem, which was about 2500 euros per month for Bosnia and Herzegovina, if I remember correctly --and I might not. To make a long story short, one generally knew what one's colleagues were making, as long as they were national staff, internationals from the FSU, or interns.
Posted by Transitionl... . on 01/18/2009 @ 12:26PM PT
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I started overseas at $36,500 with a Master's degree. Well, I really started for free, as a secret unpaid UN intern for an agency I won't name to protect them HQ. But my first paying job was at $36,500. I remember being so thrilled by the salary. I worked for a company implmenting a USAID contract, though, so the pay may have been higher than NGO pay.
Posted by Alanna Shaikh on 01/25/2009 @ 09:57PM PT
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In my observations, it seems that UN people (in general) drive VERY nice cars (almost always new). So either their salary affords them the ability to buy these expensive vehicles or it's a perk of the job to get a nice personal vehicle. Either way, a huge expense in a place that doesn't need to have my hard earned tax money spent.
I think anyone in any job should be paid a good wage.
In the bigger picture, this is why I feel so strongly that mission organizations do things so well on the cheap. They are very limited in their financial resources (save for SP) but do a LOT with that little bit they have. It's all they got, it better work and work well for a long time.
Other NGOs seem to be big spenders with little long-term effect.
On another note, local vs. foreign salaries. This is a MAJOR PROBLEM. Many NGOs, especially the large ones, will come in and pay local people on the same salary scale as someone from the west. This has created so many problems in the culture it's not even funny any more. A new caste is created, families torn apart, higher expectations, and many more issues. One directly felt by me, it's nearly impossible to higher people with any skills (language, math, or just logical) anymore b/c either they are all employed by the UN or the UN has skewed the whole economy so that we can't afford to pay anyone who is available for work. It messes up the whole economy.
Posted by Taylor Martyn on 02/01/2009 @ 05:17AM PT
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"In my observations, it seems that UN people (in general) drive VERY nice cars (almost always new)."
I work for the UN, and drive a second hand Smart. It has CD-plates though... I guess one finds as many UN people driving smart cars as you have average expats driving nice cars...
On salaries for local staff: In all the field posts I had, I always found (at least UN-) jobs for local staff to be in line with local salaries. I do admit, though, they are inline with the very high end of the local job market... I agree though tough as a local company (or government) to compete... Is one of the ways the UN tries to attract qualified staff...
It is a bummer, though, and i can see that clearly when one of the big operations starts somewhere, UNs, NGOs, IOs and pay top dollar for about anything (staff, housing, warehousing, etc..) driving the prices nuts...
p.
Posted by Peter Casier on 02/03/2009 @ 01:20PM PT
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:) A smart car would not last 1km where I work (Kenya/Sudan) even in town on paved roads, if you can find them. I wasn't going to repost, but u brought up another VERY important topic. Housing. I am trying to move my family into S. Sudan, but literally cannot afford the rent in a 3rd world town. The cost is through the roof b/c the prices have sky rocketed due to the UN staff taking up so much of it and paying top dollar.
Really saddens me. The nice cars have no effect on me, except for the higher tax dollars i'm paying, and I can't afford to hire anyone to help out around the house so my wife can be free to do more mission work, but now I can't even have a roof over my head due to the housing problem.
Many tribe's worldview is that we should provide everything b/c that's what the UN has been doing for 20 years (they truly think that is how it works, zero self reliance), the UN drives up the cost of EVERYTHING in the entire economy. What happens when they leave (if)?
I'm not angry, but very discouraged.
Posted by Taylor Martyn on 02/03/2009 @ 02:23PM PT
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Then there's the (mostly French, medical) NGOs that rely heavily on volunteers, who might be given around 600 Euros a month. Salaried positions with the same, around 800 a month, while the Head of Mission might get about 1,000. Plus living costs, but still paltry compared to the likes of IRC and CARE.
Posted by Harry Rud on 04/15/2009 @ 06:25AM PT
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Gracias for the information
Posted by Michael Bear on 04/15/2009 @ 07:11AM PT
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This is an interesting thread. I've worked at both the UN and OSCE and have been paid well in general. There are so many categories, however, that one cannot generalize. Let me break it down:
1. General vs. Professional staff2. Local vs. International staff3. Contracted vs. Seconded staff (in the OSCE at least)4. Staff vs. Consultant5. Headquarter vs. Mission staff
I have been 1. Professional, 2. International, 3. Both, 4. Both and 5. Both. First of all, being a Professional International already puts you in a higher pay scale. For 3, 4 and 5 it depends.
Let me speak more on the 3rd category: Contracted/Seconded. Contracted Staff are on a set pay system, but Seconded staff are at the mercy of their seconding country. As someone already pointed out, some countries (smaller, poorer ones) don't pay staff at all! They allow their secondees to rely on the per diem, which can be sufficient. Others (like the Scandinavian countries) pay very, very well and many fall in the middle (like the US).
On the 4th category, I was a consultant at the UN in New York and was paid more than my staff friends because I had no benefits. Instead I got an additional salary that I appreciated at the time because I was very young and healthy; I preferred cash to health care. (Also, I come from a family of doctors and got on their health plan, which was allowed for children under 25.) However, for individuals who are older and with families, there is a drawback to being a consultant. It is also far more temporary and dependent on organizational budgets. This is really only feasible in one's 20s.
On the 5th category, Mission staff - as someone previously noted - generally make much more money (assuming you're not Local, but International staff). You get daily allowances at minimum and sometimes hazard pay. The cost of living is usually much less. I lived a good life in Bosnia with the OSCE and saved almost everything I made.
Overall, I'd say that the OSCE pays better than anyone, then the UN if you're in the right categories and finally large non-profits (Ford, Gates, Clinton). Small non-profits are notorious for having ridiculously low salaries.
I fully agree with another commentator that if you pay peanuts, you get monkeys. I've seen that so often, and this non-profit sector is really one that requires a certain skill set and education. To attract the best, you have to pay accordingly. The bonus is that most people in the non-profit sector have personal motivations that compel them to work, but that cannot put food on the table. There is always a middle ground.
But because of that "personal motivation" I still say that if you want to make money, don't come to the non-profit sector. If you're bright, you can always make more money in the private sector. My first job offer was out of college with Boston Consulting for $70,000 with the probability to get into six-figures quickly. Instead I went to graduate school and then joined the UN. I make six figures now, but I would be making more, I think, if I went the other route.
Ultimately, one must be both idealistic and pragmatic. I've always negotiated tough on my salary because I had the right pedigree: degrees, experience, languages. I never accepted a low-paying salary and set a precedent. I'm probably happier for it.
I hope this helps!
Posted by No Name on 06/16/2009 @ 11:52AM PT
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Many thanks - this is very useful
Posted by Michael Bear on 06/18/2009 @ 07:39PM PT
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@No Name - would you mind if I posted your comment as a blog post, either under your name or from anonymous?
MBK
Posted by Michael Bear on 06/18/2009 @ 07:40PM PT
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I really appreciate all of this information shared, so thank you all! I have been a self employed independent recruiter, successfully running my own recruiting business for over five years and in the industry for over 10. My question is this, does anyone know how I would transition into this world? I have a ton of business/project management skills and dream to work in a meaningful way helping people, yet I have absolutely no idea where to begin. I have completed three years of college and it seems I am competing with people who have their master's degrees. Any suggestions?
Posted by Heather Fitzpatrick on 06/22/2009 @ 04:37PM PT
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Heather,
Apologies for taking so long to respond - you might to check out:
http://humanitarianrelief.change.org/blog/view/finding_a_job_overseas
Posted by Michael Bear on 06/28/2009 @ 04:22PM PT
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